by
adv//baɪ//längs, längs med, vid, intill, av, innan, genom att, med, efter
Along a path which runs past someone or something.
Near or next to.
Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).
Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.
Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.
Indicates a means of classification or organisation.
In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy
(with, the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)